Oral antifungal drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of various fungal infections, providing relief and recovery to patients across Nigeria. These drugs target fungal pathogens and inhibit their growth, allowing patients to combat infections effectively. With a wide variety of oral antifungal medications available, it is essential to understand the top options available in Nigeria. In this article, we will explore the top 15 oral antifungal drugs used in the country, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and availability.
Read Also: Top 15 Antifungal Drugs for Jock Itch in Nigeria
Here are the top 15 Oral Antifungal Drugs in Nigeria:
1. Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is a potent polyene antifungal drug used to treat severe and systemic fungal infections. It is often reserved for life-threatening infections due to its potential side effects. Amphotericin B works by binding to fungal cell membranes, leading to cell leakage and eventual death of the pathogen. Common side effects include fever, chills, and kidney toxicity. It is typically administered intravenously in hospital settings.
2. Fluconazole
Fluconazole is a widely used oral antifungal agent that belongs to the azole class. It effectively treats various fungal infections, including candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis. Fluconazole inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes. It is well-tolerated, but some patients may experience gastrointestinal disturbances or liver function abnormalities.InformationGuideNigeria
3. Itraconazole
Itraconazole is another azole antifungal drug used to treat systemic fungal infections. It is effective against a broad range of fungi and can be used for skin, nail, and systemic infections. Itraconazole works by interfering with the synthesis of ergosterol, similar to fluconazole. Gastrointestinal upset and liver enzyme elevation are potential side effects.Top 15 Best Business Classes in Nigeria
Read Also: Top 15 Twin Pregnancy Success Rates with Drugs
4. Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole was one of the first oral antifungal drugs available and is still used in certain cases. It is effective against dermatophyte infections and some systemic fungal infections. Ketoconazole also targets ergosterol synthesis, but it has a higher risk of liver toxicity compared to other azoles. Consequently, it is now less commonly used due to the availability of safer alternatives.15 Best High-end TVs in Nigeria
5. Nystatin
Nystatin is an antifungal drug used to treat superficial fungal infections, particularly oral thrush and candidiasis of the mouth and throat. It is available in oral suspension or lozenge forms. Nystatin works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death. It is generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects.
6. Terbinafine
Terbinafine is primarily used to treat dermatophyte infections, including ringworm and nail fungus. It works by inhibiting the enzyme squalene epoxidase, leading to the accumulation of toxic squalene and subsequent fungal cell death. Terbinafine is generally well-tolerated, but some patients may experience gastrointestinal issues or skin reactions.Top 15 Oral Antifungal Drugs in Nigeria
7. Voriconazole
Voriconazole is a potent triazole antifungal drug used to treat invasive fungal infections, including Aspergillus and Candida species. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase, disrupting ergosterol synthesis. Voriconazole is available as an oral tablet or intravenous formulation. Common side effects include visual disturbances, liver function abnormalities, and skin reactions.200 Romantic Messages
Read Also: 15 Test Teething Drugs For Babies In Nigeria
8. Clotrimazole
Clotrimazole is an antifungal drug available in various forms, including oral troches, lozenges, and topical creams. It is used to treat oral and oesophagal candidiasis. Clotrimazole interferes with fungal cell membrane function, leading to cell death. Adverse effects are minimal, with occasional mild gastrointestinal discomfort.
9. Miconazole
While Miconazole is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent, it is also available in oral gel formulations for the treatment of oral candidiasis. It functions similarly to Clotrimazole by disrupting the fungal cell membrane. Miconazole is generally safe and well-tolerated, making it a suitable option for various fungal infections.
10. Griseofulvin
Griseofulvin is an older oral antifungal drug primarily used to treat dermatophyte infections of the skin, hair, and nails. It works by inhibiting fungal mitosis, preventing the replication of fungal cells. Due to its potential side effects and the availability of newer options, griseofulvin is less commonly used today.
11. Econazole
Econazole, an azole antifungal drug available in topical and oral formulations, is effective against various fungal infections, including oral candidiasis. It disrupts the fungal cell membrane structure, leading to fungal cell death. Econazole is generally safe and well-tolerated, making it a reliable option for oral fungal infections.
Read Also: 15 Best Drugs for Yeast Infection in Nigeria
12. Oxiconazole
Oxiconazole is another azole antifungal drug available in topical and oral formulations. It is used to treat oral thrush and other oral fungal infections. Oxiconazole‘s mechanism of action is similar to other azole drugs. Adverse effects are rare and usually mild.105 Good Morning Messages
13. Sertaconazole
Sertaconazole is an antifungal drug commonly used in topical formulations but also available in oral capsules. It is effective against various fungal infections, including oral candidiasis. Sertaconazole works by interfering with fungal cell membrane structure. It is generally safe and well-tolerated.JAMB Portal
14. Butenafine
Primarily used as a topical antifungal agent for skin infections, Butenafine is occasionally available in oral formulations for specific cases. Oral Butenafine may be used for treating onychomycosis (fungal nail infections). It works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, with adverse effects being minimal.
15. Tolnaftate
Tolnaftate is an over-the-counter antifungal medication commonly used for the treatment of athlete’s foot, ringworm, and jock itch. While it is typically available in topical forms, there are some oral formulations for specific cases. Tolnaftate works by inhibiting fungal cell membrane function, leading to cell death. Adverse effects are rare and usually mild.NYSC Portal
Read Also: 15 Best Antenatal Drugs in Nigeria
Conclusion:
Oral antifungal drugs have revolutionized the treatment of fungal infections in Nigeria, providing patients with safe and effective options for recovery. From the potent and reserved Amphotericin B to the well-tolerated Fluconazole and Nystatin, each medication offers unique benefits in combating fungal pathogens. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to consider factors such as the severity of infection, patient medical history, and drug interactions when prescribing these medications. By understanding the top 15 oral antifungal drugs in Nigeria, medical practitioners can make informed decisions and improve patient outcomes in the fight against fungal infections.
Check JAMB Result
Check and Confirm: How much is Dollar to Naira
